2018 Profile of Local Arts Agencies Survey Instrument Americans for the Arts

   Arts Funding Snapshot: GIA's Annual Research on Back up for Arts and Culture (1.1Mb)

Direct public funding for the arts is all-time understood by tracking congressional allocations to the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), legislative appropriations to state arts agencies, and local government funds going to local arts agencies. These entities distribute public grants and services to artists, creatives, and cultural organizations across the nation. Federal, state, and local public funding for the arts totaled $i.37 billion in FY2018.

2018 Funding Levels

The federal government, states, and localities appropriated a combined $1.37 billion to the arts in FY2018, for a total per capita investment of $4.18. Comprising this total were

• $152.eight 1000000 in appropriations to the NEA, an increase of 2 per centum from FY2017;
• $355.2 million in legislative appropriations to state and jurisdictional arts agencies, an increase of 0.1 percent from FY2017; and
• $860.0 million in funds allocated past local governments to local arts agencies,ⁱ an increment of iv percent from FY2017.

Trends over Time

In nominal dollars (not adjusted for inflation), public funding for the arts increased past 24 percentage over the past xx years. State and local funding patterns correlate with periods of economic growth and recession. State arts agency aggregate appropriations reached a high point in 2001, while local funding reported a historical high point this year. Federal funding for the NEA has displayed incremental growth after sustaining large cuts in the mid-1990s.

Despite these nominal dollar increases, public funding for the arts has not kept pace with inflation. When adjusting for aggrandizement, full public funding decreased past xvi.ane percent over the past twenty years. In constant dollar terms, state arts bureau appropriations decreased by 35 percentage, local funding contracted by 8.iv percent, and federal funds increased by v.4 percentage (figure 1).

Looking Ahead

Preliminary data on FY2019 appropriations to state arts agencies indicate that funding will increment by two percent. Appropriations to land arts agencies are constantly in flux, as midyear changes will occur. However, these figures advise this will be the fifth yr in a row funding has remained relatively apartment at the state level, even with states seeing robust aggregate growth in general fund revenues.²

Every bit of this writing, Congress has not passed a federal budget for FY2019. Continuing resolutions have kept funding for the NEA at FY2018 levels until Congress enacts the spending package for the Department of the Interior, the budget bill in which the NEA is placed.

Although the NEA and many other federal agencies are afflicted by political stalemates (a notable example of which was the recent thirty-five-mean solar day partial government shutdown in early 2019), the NEA has earned wide support in Congress, from elected officials beyond the political spectrum. Both the House and Senate canonical a $2 one thousand thousand dollar increase for the agency for FY2019, which would raise the bureau's cribbing to $155 million. Nonetheless, this increase volition not exist realized unless the president and the new Congress can pass a new budget for the remainder of FY2019.

Local government revenues are estimated based on past and current information collection efforts by Americans for the Arts. If the rate of increment of local government funding estimates continues to stay on pace, local funding will reach close to $900 million in FY2019. Budget atmospheric condition of cities and counties remain relatively robust at this fourth dimension, but fiscal analysts observe that municipal budgets may be approaching structural limits of expansion.³ So it will exist important to monitor whether local spending on the arts may feel slower growth over the long term.

Implications for Grantmaking

Appropriations to state and local arts agencies — and, by extension, available grant dollars — rising and autumn in accordance with authorities fiscal conditions, particularly revenue projections. For example, trends in country arts agency grantmaking rails closely with appropriations to state arts agencies over time.⁴ When land arts agency appropriations declined by 26 percent during the Great Recession between 2008 and 2012, country arts agency grant outlays declined past a most identical 27 percent.

Direct federal grants from the NEA totaled 2,422 and $65.8 million in FY2017. Another $51 million from the NEA, or nigh 40 percentage of NEA's appropriation, was awarded to state and regional agencies for further grantmaking and related activities. State arts agencies in turn awarded 21,296 grants and $282.9 million in laurels dollars in FY2017, and regional arts organizations also made 1,226 awards, totaling $16.2 million.

Local governments spend the nearly dollars on arts and culture when compared to states and the NEA, but local arts agencies are less likely to focus their services on grantmaking. According to the 2015 local arts agency census from Americans for the Arts, 53 percent of local arts agencies provide direct community investment in local artists or arts organizations. Larger percentages of local arts agencies support direct civilization programming, such as public art and festivals, equally well every bit service provision such as arts marketing. Of the local arts agencies that are involved in grantmaking, 92 percent practise so for cultural and artistic programming, and 49 percent provide operating back up.

Private funders contribute the largest amount of dollars to artists and cultural organizations in the United States. In 2015, foundation funding for the largest 1,000 foundations totaled approximately $2.5 billion dollars and 19,635 arts and civilisation grants. Candid (formerly Foundation Center) estimates indicated that U.s. foundation giving overall increased by 5 percent in 2015; 86,000 agile foundations gave a total of $62.8 billion in 2015. However, giving from the largest ane,000 foundations to arts and culture remained stagnant, accounting for nine percent of all funding.

With this amalgamation of grantmaking policies and agendas, it is hard to find comparative data across public and individual sectors. Standardized data collection practices are not employed at the local arts agency level. However, using published data from state arts agencies, the NEA, and the i,000 largest foundations, there are a handful of categories for which nosotros can approximate relative investments.

Foundations and country arts agencies brand meaning grant investments in operating support. Foundations spend approximately 20 percentage of their arts and culture grant dollars on operating support. In terms of the percentage of dollars invested, land arts agencies make the largest commitment to operational support. Forty-four percentage of land arts agency grant dollars and 25.7 pct of all state arts agency awards went to operational support in FY2017.

The NEA invests over $51 million dollars in state arts agencies and regional art organizations. These dollars are not operating support for individual arts organizations, but they help enable land arts agencies and local arts agencies to make investments in operating support by increasing the total dollars agencies have available for grants and services (table 1).

Outside of operating support, it is possible to compare a few other grant categories and action types. Foundations, states, and the NEA all make investments in museums and arts education. A cardinal contrast between public and individual sectors is investment in capital construction and physical infrastructure. The NEA does non provide funding for uppercase construction, and relatively few state arts agencies make grants for facilities. Foundations acquit the load for funding physical cultural infrastructure in the United States. Another challenging topic for grantmakers is investment in individual artists and fellowships.⁵ The NEA makes a few selected investments in individual artists through National Heritage Fellows, Jazz Masters, and Literature Fellowships just otherwise is statutorily restricted from awarding grant funds to private artists. Many state arts agencies devote a portion of their grants to individual artists.^{half dozen} In FY2017, country arts agencies made 2,402 awards to private artists. When compared to other types of applicants, awards to individual artists were the 2d almost frequent type of award made by state arts agencies. Private foundations as well fund individuals, but comparing information are not available.

Grantmaking by Laurels Size and Distribution

The distribution patterns of regime arts grants reverberate a priority public sector objective of attaining maximum geographic coverage. Given the small appropriations described above, this frequently necessitates the mechanism of application many grants that are modest in size. To illustrate this, state arts agencies have a median award value of $iv,550. Although the median NEA honor amount is $20,000, 58 percent of all NEA grants are less than $25,000 in size (table ii).

When because accomplish to rural communities, a U.s.a. Department of Agronomics report found that five.5 per centum of large foundations' grant dollars go to rural areas. Although the latest Giving USA 2018 written report suggests that some foundations are increasing their focus on rural development, significant funding gaps remain, especially for rural areas in the South.⁷ Insufficiently, 14 per centum of country arts funding and xiii percent of NEA funding goes to rural communities, which is consistent with the percent of the US population residing in these areas.

Funding economically disadvantaged communities is another important aspect of grantmaking equity. The majority of state arts agency awards as well go to counties with higher levels of residents living below the poverty line, and 21 percent of state arts bureau grantees directly serve individuals beneath the poverty line. The NEA reports that xl percent of their supported activities get to high-poverty neighborhoods.^viii

State arts agency awards and grant dollars also serve populations of color at rates comparable to or college than population statistics: 21 per centum of grant recipients study serving African American populations, and xix percent of recipients report serving Latinx populations. Lxx-four percent of awards and 81 pct of grant dollars go to counties in which people of colour brand up more than a fifth of the population. These figures do not suggest that public funders are achieving perfectly equitable funding patterns, but these nationally aggregated figures give the states some indication that state arts agencies grant patterns mostly follow race population patterns. This type of information provides an indication of how country arts agencies work toward equitable grantmaking practices; however, more research on individual programs, awards, and local communities benefiting is necessary to fully describe equitable grantmaking practices.

Complementary Roles

These data on awards and grant dollars brainstorm to propose a varied landscape of cultural support in the Us. Public and private institutions at every level operate independently co-ordinate to the needs of their constituencies, stakeholders, and partners. The cultural ecosystem requires both public and individual support to thrive.⁹ While the private sector provides the lion's share of support, government funds are minor merely important, achieving broad geographic admission to cultural experiences and embedding the arts into many functions of country regime.

Data limitations hinder our ability to fully compare public and private grantmaking patterns; however, our assay indicates that different segments of the funding ecosystem fill complementary roles. Observable convergences in grantmaking patterns — such as programme back up and arts educational activity — reverberate the high priorities that constituents ascribe to these forms of assistance. Divergences in grantmaking patterns — such every bit individual artist support, operating support, and facility construction — betoken that each sector is playing to its unique strengths and limitations.

Ryan Stubbs is senior manager of inquiry at the National Assembly of State Arts Agencies.

Patricia Mullaney-Loss is a research acquaintance at the National Assembly of State Arts Agencies.

NOTES

This profile draws on local spending estimates from Americans for the Arts, the National Assembly of State Arts Agencies' legislative appropriations surveys of the nation'south state and jurisdictional arts agencies, and appropriations data from the National Endowment for the Arts. As of this writing, the nearly recent data available about federal and local funding for the arts are from FY2018. In FY2018 and FY2019 data for land arts agencies are available from http://www.nasaa-arts.org. Constant dollar adjustments for inflation are calculated using Agency of Labor Statistics Consumer Toll Index (CPI) figures with a base yr of 1999. Per capita calculations are based on national population estimates from the US Census Bureau.

1. Americans for the Arts essentially changed the methodology for collecting local arts agency investments through the local arts agency demography in 2016. Annual estimates are used prior to 2011 and after 2016.
2. National Clan of State Upkeep Officers (NASBO), Fiscal Survey of usa Fall, 2018, https://www.nasbo.org/reports-data/fiscal-survey-of-states.
3. National League of Cities (NLC), City Financial Conditions, 2018, https://world wide web.nlc.org/resource/metropolis-fiscal-conditions-2018.
4. National Assembly of Country Arts Agencies (NASAA), State Arts Agency Grant-Making Statistics, 2017, http://www.nasaa-arts.org/Research/Grant-Making/index.php.
5. Grantmakers in the Arts, Support for Individual Artists, http://www.giarts.org/support-individual-artists.
6. NASAA, Country Arts Agency Back up for Private Artists Fact Sheet, https://nasaa-arts.org/nasaa_research/indivartistgrantmakingfactsheet0316/.
7. Giving USA 2018 Annual Report.
8. National Endowment for the Arts, 2017 Annual Report, https://www.arts.gov/sites/default/files/2017%20Annual%20Report.pdf.
9. Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, "Improve Together; Public and Individual Funding for the Arts," Pam Breaux, https://mellon.org/resources/shared-experiences-weblog/improve-together-public-and-individual-funding-arts/.

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Source: https://www.giarts.org/public-funding-arts-2018

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